This week, CNN.com is running a series about autism. If you are not familiar with autism, here's a little primer about this condition.


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Autism is a disorder of brain development that usually appears before the age of 3 that results in developmental delays causing problems with communication, social development and interaction. Many children with autism are of average to high intelligence, but some children are more profoundly affected than others, which results in their being unable to function independently. Autism has no cure, and persists throughout the person's life.


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Some autism advocates contend that autism is caused by vaccinations, but many experts have dismissed that claim as fallacious and that vaccinations are not the cause of autism. However, a recent legal ruling siding with a Georgia family who claims their daughter developed autism only after receiving the MMR vaccine (a widely administered vaccine to children of school age, and required by Texas state law for students in public school) has given autism advocates fuel for this argument.


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However, this story at CNN.com seems to point to a genetic link to autism. The women in the story were all single women who wanted to have children, so they turned to a sperm bank to obtain donor sperm for artificial insemination. Women who were inseminated with "Donor X"'s sperm bore children who later went on to develop autism.


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Researchers have identified regions of the genome that perhaps contribute to the development of autism but that have not actually been identified as actual causative agents of the condition.


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How does the discovery of genomic regions help to provide evidence supporting an organic cause for autism rather than an environmental cause? More importantly, how does the Georgia case illustrate the effect of environmental factors on gene expression? Genes are not autonomous entities that control their own expression on their own terms.


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Other questions that can and should be raised by this issue are: should sperm donors be screened for potentially deadly/disabling genes in their genomes? Is something like this practical? What other problems arise from a reproductive medical system that allows almost any man to donate sperm for artificial insemination, regardless of genomic content?

Posted by scienceguru on April 7, 2008
Tags bioethics, brains!, discuss, genetics

Total comments on this page: 57

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Andrea Deschenes on paragraph 7:

When it comes to artificial insemination I do think that some sort of screening should be placed on all sperm. I think that a mother has the right to know if the sperm being inserted in her carries possibilities of an abnormal child because as a single mother sometimes such lfiestyles are hard to cope with. Even though im sure the mother would love the child the same it just does not seem right that one man who sells his sperm for insemination create such a debockle for hundreds or so people out there when it could be stopped.

April 9, 2008 1:02 pm
kaitlin willems :

I absolutely agree with andrea. Sperm in sperm banks should be screened if it was suspected that the sperm inseminated into the women caused their children to develop autism. Although artificial insemination allows women who are unable to become pregnant carry a child, it unfortunately has its defects that the doctors must account for.

April 20, 2008 9:22 am
Kristal Jackson on paragraph 2:

Ah. I thought autism was a disease that affected a person’s ability to interact as well as their intelligence? Is there research going on to ease the symptoms for this? I didn’t know there were different degrees of severity for autism. I guess you learn something new every day, eh?

April 9, 2008 6:07 pm
Kristal Jackson on paragraph 3:

Autism is a brain disorder, right? If the vaccination does cause autism while the brain is still developing, then it shouldn’t be administered until the person is about 20-25, right? What is an MMR vaccine? Does it have any effects on the brain? The lawyers or advocates don’t have a solid basis if there is no testing going on, right?

April 9, 2008 6:10 pm
Kristal Jackson on paragraph 4:

If autism is indeed genetic, then shouldn’t sperm be screened? Or the donor? It would make sense to do it. If all the women’s babies developed autism, that’s pretty serious.

April 9, 2008 6:11 pm
Kristal Jackson on paragraph 7:

I think that all men should be screened for diseases, regardless if they think it’s pointless or not. They aren’t the ones raising the child or anything. They’re just donating the material to work with. I think it should be done no matter what. It’ll be easier for the parent if the child is born healthy.

April 9, 2008 6:15 pm
scienceguru on paragraph 3:

MMR = measles, mumps, rubella.

The impracticality of giving the vaccine when the person is older is that many children are exposed to these diseases as children. They are often fatal, especially in places where medical care is limited, poor or absent altogether.

April 9, 2008 8:24 pm
Kamene Dornubari-Ogidi on paragraph 7:

I definately think that sperm donors should be scanned for detrimental diseases. As for the practicality of scanning, I’m sure that it may make the process of sperm donation a bit more tedious, and may discourage some men from donating their sperm, but I really cant think of any limitations that may pertain to scanning them

April 10, 2008 6:22 pm
Andrea Deschenes on paragraph 2:

I found the statement about children with austism having average to high intelligence intersting. I’ve noticed that in the few people i do know with autism that they are actually extremly smart!! They just have trouble communicating how they feel and expressing their problems. I find it amazing that someone with a dissorder has such high intelligence. It actually seems common to me that a person with autism is highly smart when it comes to book smarts…is there a reason for this?

April 11, 2008 3:07 pm
Angie on paragraph 7:

It’s only logical for a man’s sperm to be screened and medical history to be checked before using his genetic material to make another human being. Whether it’s more expensive to do so shouldn’t be a detriment to making sure the children produced through artificial insemination develop healthily. Not just any man walking down the street should be allowed to “donate” sperm (don’t they get paid?); facilities should be more selective to ensure the mothers and children are safe.

April 11, 2008 5:18 pm
joce g on whole page :

i believe autism is caused from vaccinations. vaccines are always changing for “improvement.” As time has progressed the rates of children getting diagnosed with autism has increased.

April 12, 2008 1:40 pm
Ty Vessels on paragraph 7:

I believe that a screening process for sperm donors would be a great idea. It is practical and overall beneficial. It can and would hinder the spread of hereditary diseases.

April 13, 2008 7:14 pm
Hannah on paragraph 6:

If autism is found to be linked to genomic regions then it is an inherited gene or mutation within the genes and the theory of autism because of vaccinations can be thrown out. Perhaps the gene is activated by a protein in the vaccine but the vaccine could not of passed autism directly to the body. The theory of transfer through vaccination has only survived because people would rather believe in something ficticous than not know the reason why their loved one(s) are plagued by the disorder.

April 14, 2008 10:11 am
Hannah on paragraph 7:

I do not think the sperm donors should be scanned for potentially deadly/ disabling genes in their genomes. Not only would it make the cost of artificial insemination more expensive than it already is, how many couples when they decide to have a baby of their own have their genes looked into? The women who use sperm from the sperm bank should know they are taking a chance and should be informed on those risks but the chance of having a baby for the woman or couple should override any challenges the baby might be diagnosed with.

I do think the babies who are born from sperm banks should be followed up with to ensure the babies are healthy however the parents like all parents should know that having a child is like spinning the lottery, you never know what genes they will turn out to have.

April 14, 2008 10:20 am
Sussana Elkassih :

Although I do feel that sperm donors should be screened, I did like the comment you made about a couple knowing that they are always taking a chance with a sperm donor, for in the real world, future parents don’t know what genes their child will receive. It’s just that I feel that the future parents shouldn’t have to go through any more hardship then having to pay the expensive amount of the artificial insemination, I mean you said it yourself we shouldn’t make it more expensive than it already is, but the money it would cost to take care of a child with a disorder would be more financially stressful.

April 16, 2008 11:46 pm
Destiny on paragraph 7:

I think that screening the sperm makes perfect sense. I woman wouldnt have sex with just anybody (hopefully), she would pick and choose becuase of characteristics that appeal to her. It is instinct. The same goes with sperm.

April 14, 2008 9:25 pm
Isha Banerjea on whole page :

If I were the one needing a donor, I would certainly want to know what kind of defects or diseases the donor has. These women aren’t asking for a disabled child or to be burdened with stress, medical expensis, and other difficulties that may come with genetic defects. It is true that most mothers love their child “no matter what”, but the fact that the father isn’t even a part of the lives makes it unjust for the mother and family to go through something that could be avoided.

April 15, 2008 1:29 pm
Sara Lacock :

I wonder if many of the sperm donors have not had children. Seeing what traits are present in a potential donor’s children seems more ethical than looking for someones diseases in their genes. It isn’t as accurate, but at least if something that is as commonly passed on as autism is present in a potential donors child, they should not be allowed to donate. So perhaps they should start looking at the children of sperm donors and only let those with healthy children donate.

April 17, 2008 8:35 pm
Kaston Murrell on whole page :

Well there definitely seems to be a genetic component to autism. Whether the components only contribute to the development of autism or if they actually cause it seems to be the problem to solve now. Sperm donors should probably be screened for potentially deadly/disabling genes if the cost isn’t exorbinant. If it is expensive then family histories may have to suffice.

April 15, 2008 3:31 pm
David Golynskiy :

I agree with Kaston. I was also wondering about the prices that testing procedures would cost. They will definitely be high, but who will have to pay them? Does the mother pay because she is the one that is needing the procedure. In contrast, does the donor have to pay because he is the one donating and it is his responsibility to make sure everything is “clean.” Or do they both pay to meet half way with resposibility? SHould there be government interference? Finally, how has this method survived this long with such imperfections?

April 18, 2008 6:00 pm
kaitlin willems :

Before, I agreed with screening sperm. However I didnt even consider the price of preforming such a task. Kaston and David both bring up interesting points on who should have to pay for this security.
And should it be required?

April 20, 2008 9:29 am
K. Wise on paragraph 7:

A man should definitely be screened before donating sperm. However, I understand why this may be a hesitant action because what if the male was unaware of flaws in his own genome? And if he was carrying a deadly trait that hadn’t showed up yet, would that affect his life insurance? I don’t really understand why women would just want to take the risk of a random man giving her semen. It would seem logical that even if a woman didn’t have a husband or perhaps if her husband was unable to provide semen, wouldn’t she want to *scope* out an individual who is donating sperm? If privacy is an issue, I think the donar should be screened, yet their information should be kept highly protected and they should remain anonymous.

April 15, 2008 3:57 pm
Brandi Manthei on paragraph 7:

Autism is certainly not caused by the environment they grow up in. So many children diagnosed with autism have gone through extensive therapy and have controlled it somewhat but have never actually cured it. Good Morning America did a story a few weeks ago about a girl that had autism and couldn’t communicate what so ever but then discovered how to type on a computer and that is her means of communication. They discovered she was actually very smart just could not articulate it like an average person. The vaccines may have caused it but I wonder why it hasn’t effected every child.

April 16, 2008 7:20 pm
Kaston Murrell on paragraph 7:

Sperm ‘donors’ should be screened. At the least the screening should be a detailed family history. It would probably be best to include a genetic test though. If it is too costly then some of the money for funding can be taken out of any money the ‘donors’ would receive.

April 16, 2008 7:59 pm
Sussana Elkassih on whole page :

I agree with the majority, the sperm donors should be screened. If artificial insemination is expensive, then why should a couple have to go through more hardship if the child is born with special needs that may financially stressful. I’m pretty sure that the parents will love the child no matter what, but why give them more strain. I actually always thought that sperm donors were extensively screened before they were allowed to donate sperm, like when you donate blood, for you don’t want someone who has HIV donating blood to a blood bank. Same concept, you don’t want someone who may have a gene for a disorder in a sperm bank. If the cost of artificial insemination would increase then they should do what Kaston Murrell said and have some of the money for funding taken out of any money the donors would receive.

April 16, 2008 11:46 pm
Stephen Geest on whole page :

I have had the opportunity to work with a special needs child with autism for four years now and what i observe is decreased social interation, delayed reaction to various things like throwing a ball up for him to catch. i belive that the enviorment has an affect on the severity of the disease but the gene itself is the gas that fuels the fire. This child im with is very intelligent and picks up on alot of things. stephen out

April 17, 2008 11:34 am
K. Wise on paragraph 2:

I’ve always been curious as to what the symptoms are of this disorder, because I think I may know someone who is possibly slightly autistic. I heard from somewhere that autistic children have trouble mimicking people around them when they are babies-for example, when a mother puts her hand on her nose, a normal baby might mimic their mother and do the same, while an autistic child doesn’t think in the same manner. I think it’s neat how intelligent these children are even though they suffer from a disorder. Also, I was wondering what they do to help/treat these children.

April 17, 2008 2:25 pm
Kaston Murrell on paragraph 7:

Many problems could possible arise from a reproductive medical system that allows almost any man to donate sperm for artificial insemination. Genetic diseases can unknowingly, and even worse, cognizantly be passed down to children. Many cancers can also be passed down in families. Not literally passed down but it may be common in the family.

April 17, 2008 6:24 pm
Joshua Geevarghese on paragraph 3:

i feel sorry for the child. but i dont understand how the baby could get autism from a vaccine. if they have average to high intelligence then how can you say there brain stopped working

April 17, 2008 8:00 pm
Joshua Geevarghese on paragraph 7:

i think sperm donors must be screened for all deadly/disabling genes. i thought they already do that. i guess not. i dont how prtical we can be at this moment. because when we found a problem then only start looking for a remedy so this might take while.

April 17, 2008 8:03 pm
Brigham on paragraph 3:

I wonder why, if autism is caused by vaccines, that more of us don’t have it. I mean, I know that the gene could have an operon that allows for it to be repressed or allowed to be transcribed but even so, many more people would have this disorder if in fact it was caused by vaccinations.

April 17, 2008 8:26 pm
Brigham on paragraph 5:

Well Ferg, I’ve found my nobel prize idea. =)
I’ll solve the mystery behind autism and I’ll identify the operon that turns the repressor on and off to activate the gene transcription.

April 17, 2008 8:28 pm
Sara Lacock on paragraph 3:

How many other children have developed autism after receiving the MMR vaccine? If this is the only case, than I don’t think it was the vaccine.

Is there something in vaccines that is also present naturally in our environment? I don’t know if the Autism gene acts like an operon, but what causes it to appear whenever it does?

April 17, 2008 8:56 pm
Marcos on whole page :

The first view I have about the issue of screening sperm in banks is to approach it like any other donor scenario. Blood and organ transplants are meticulously tested and matched to recipients in order to secure the best chance for success. So if we extend this to sperm donations, then we should definitely screen sperm.

April 17, 2008 10:18 pm
Marcos on whole page :

Continuing the theme of screening, lets extrapolate a few years and say that we incorporate genomic mapping techniques as discussed in an earlier post. Well then under the justification of matching sperm donors to women for optimum chance of success, people may start choosing donors not just for blind compatibility but for specific traits as well. That’s a hop skip and a jump away from custom baby-making in my book. I’m iffy on sperm banks as it is (discussed below), but there definitely exists a line not to be crossed at custom baby-making.

April 17, 2008 10:23 pm
Marcos on whole page :

Alright I typically try to respond to posts without incorporating my personal religious/ethical views, but here I can’t resist. Pregnancy where one of the partners is intentionally unknown doesn’t jive with me. Now I can say that without justifying it anymore to myself but below is a secular train of thought for your reading enjoyment.

April 17, 2008 10:36 pm
Marcos on whole page :

Say we have an organ bank and a sperm bank. Same in theory right? Wrong, and here is why: in the organ bank, anonymous donors are trying to help prolong life. In a sperm bank, anonymous donors are usually trying to make money, and inadvertently may or may not make life. That right there is not a choice to be made lightly kids. As for the woman’s right to an opportunity to have kids, well and good, but the kid has a right to know where all of him comes from, doesn’t he?

April 17, 2008 10:37 pm
Kamene Dornubari-Ogidi :

I concur with the fact that the reasons that sperm donors have are less than pure and honorable.

With that in mind, if testing were to be made mandatory to prevent the occurence of something like autism in children stemming from sperm banks, then the number of males willing to donate sperm would significantly drop.

The test are probably going to take a while to get the results…and most men don’t care about sperm donation enough to hold their breath until results come. It would be an added hassel for them. Which is a real pity.

April 20, 2008 6:40 pm
Destiny on paragraph 2:

I saw a 2020 on how there is a new diet that supposedly can help autistic people. A famous scandolous model tried it with her child and the results were positive? I wonder if the diet is somehow related to the “blood type diet” in that it is specific to increasing/decreasing certain chemicals in the body?

April 18, 2008 7:23 pm
Kishan Patel on paragraph 7:

All men should be screened for disease when donating their sperm to a sperm bank. The sperm should also be tested before the female gets artificial insemination, no questions asked, If the man is a potential carrier for any kind of disease, autism is a perfect example, there have been so many examples of women who have gone through artificial insemination’s kids having autism.

April 19, 2008 4:17 pm
Kishan Patel on paragraph 3:

You know when i first saw this article and read this part about the vaccinations causing autism, was a weird finding. But after thinking about this and doing my own research there are many cases of kids getting autism after getting the MMR vaccine. So maybe there is a slight chance that certain vaccinations can cause autism in kids.

April 19, 2008 4:25 pm
Kishan Patel on paragraph 2:

You know I really am finding an great intrest in autism, I really think that it is neat that these kids are so “book” smart, but lack the skill to communicate with other people. Before reading this artcle and doing some independent research i really thought that autistic kids weren’t very smart along with their lack of people skills, well obviously I was wrong. I am really fascinated by the brain and what something that comes so easy to one person can be hard for another.

April 19, 2008 4:31 pm
Karen MacPherson on paragraph 6:

Because genomic regions were found that give evidence to support the theory of Autism having a biology genetic cause, we can safely say that the vaccine wasn’t the only cause of Autism in the child. However, environmental factors can still play a huge part in the development of a mental illness. The environment can act as a trigger that activates already existing predisposition for a disorder already mapped out in a person’s genes

April 20, 2008 6:43 am
Karen MacPherson on paragraph 7:

I think it’s very important that sperm donors be scanned, ot only for the safety of the fetus, but for the mother, because many abnomalties end in stillborn or problems that also endanger the mother. But, this is not incredibly practical because of the money involved. At this time, it might be more beneficial to just require a background check for relatives that have a genetic disorder, until technology becomes so that a screening is cheaper and more available.

April 20, 2008 6:52 am
J-nuggetsenior08 on paragraph 2:

I think that autism is a physchological problem to which the only cure is therapy.

April 20, 2008 8:10 am
J-nuggetsenior08 on paragraph 7:

Personally I dont understand why men didnt get screened for these types of things initially. That should be one of the first concerns of any hospital and it donors.

April 20, 2008 8:12 am
kaitlin willems on paragraph 6:

I guess I am unsure as to how a vaccination would be thought of as a cause of autism. Do they believe that it was cause a mutation in the gene? If vaccinations are supposed to build defenses, unless it was a defense against autism, how could it develop?

April 20, 2008 9:41 am
kaitlin willems on paragraph 7:

It makes me uneasy as to why screening isnt already done. Shouldnt the doctors and most definitely the women accepting the sperm want to know if the donor carries or has a heritable trait that could be of danger to the child. It is only common sense to think that this should be done.

April 20, 2008 9:44 am
Prashi on paragraph 4:

If the same sperm gave different women babies with autisitic kids, then it probably genetical. But it could also be that just that male has some defect in him that produces babies with autism.

April 20, 2008 9:54 am
Prashi on paragraph 7:

Well its just common sense to screen a man for potentially deadly/disabling genes. If we can avoid having people giving sperm that could have babies with problems than we should. But yes the question is that people who have mental disorders are still people, so why screen if they are also just people why does it matter. But if it can be avoided, then why not.

April 20, 2008 9:57 am
Prashi on paragraph 2:

They are so different, i know three people who have austism, and each are very different. One of them is very socail and seemed more normal than the other. He just had certain things about him that were different but pretty normal. But some of them are much more different than non autistic people. As for a super genius kid who is autistic i have not met one.

April 20, 2008 9:59 am
ethan nelson on paragraph 7:

sperm donors should most definantly be screened for potntially deadly or disabling genes in their genomes. becuase the single women that accquire artificial insemination shouldn’t have to worry about the sperm that they are getting.

April 20, 2008 10:05 am
ethan nelson on whole page :

i think the sperm bank should be more careful with the types of people that they allow to donate becuase if they have a harmful genetic disease then i don’t think anyone who gets sperm from these institutions would want their child to have it.

April 20, 2008 10:08 am
Aadil Sarfani on paragraph 7:

It would be very complicated to test the gene of the embryo each time a person had a baby. However, when sperm is donated, this is a great opportunity, because not only is the sperm going to many babies rather than just one or two, it is easier to test at this stage. They should do anything possible to make sure the sperm donor is in the fittest possible condition in terms of genes. Plus, the last person who can afford to have an abnormal child is a single mother.

April 20, 2008 3:36 pm
Aadil Sarfani on whole page :

The fact that autism is incurable, i think, shows that the root cause of autism is physiological and not psychological. Because if it were psychological, at least some people should be curable, and some therapy would probably work. But if it is physiological, then perhaps a medicine could some day cure autism. The question of whether autism is genetic or not is another question. I think that it is more likely genetic.

April 20, 2008 3:39 pm
Stephen Geest on whole page :

like i said earlier i have worked with and autistic child for quite some time and i have had a great experience with him and i have a question for all you guys out there looking for some blog posting: If you knew what could potentially happen if you gave someone you loved injections, common ones such as small pox flu and what not would you do it if it were to reduce the chances of them gettin it?? just a thought and a blog Stephen out

April 20, 2008 8:07 pm
Kamene Dornubari-Ogidi on paragraph 3:

I think there may have been something that was lying in wait in the child’s genes that triggered autism as a result of her MMR vaccine. However, the vaccine as a CAUSE of autism leaves me highly skeptical.

April 20, 2008 10:18 pm
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