The company, 23andme, founded by Anne Wojcicki (wife of Google founder Sergey Brin) is a privately held biotechnology company that strives to provide the Average Joe with information about their own personal genomes. For $999, 23andme will run a genomic analysis of a sample of your DNA obtained from your cheek cells (you send them a buccal swab via the kit shown in the photo above). The technology used to analyze your DNA is known as DNA microarray technology, which amounts to a silicon chip with short fragments of DNA attached to it.
Your DNA sample is diced up into pieces of varying length by specialized enzymes which recognize certain DNA sequences. Your DNA samples are then exposed to the microarray, and your DNA fragments bind to their complements on the microarray's chip. Radioactive dyes are then applied to determine if binding has occurred. If your DNA binds to the sequence on the chip, then the areas where binding happens glow brightly.
The company's scientists then return your results online via a secure website. But what does all this genomic information really mean?
You can learn a lot about your genome. Since your genome is essentially being sequenced, you can learn about your ancestry--what genes you've inherited and potentially who they have come from. You can learn about genes you have in common with your friends and distant family members. It's almost like having a more thorough form of the Genographic Project, the research on human migration by tracking genomes of people around the world being conducted by Spencer Wells.
You can also learn about any disease-causing genes you may or may not carry. This particular bit of information can be particularly troubling, especially if the genes one carries are for a disease/condition for which there is no treatment or cure.
For example, Huntington's Disease is a genetic disorder that is inherited as a dominant lethal allele. HD is a neurodegenerative disorder that is the result of a triplet code repeat in the gene for a protein called Huntingtin (after the doctor who first named the disease in 1872). This mutant protein causes select neurons in the brain to die, most notably in the motor cortex and frontal lobe, causing HD sufferers to gradually lose control of voluntary muscle movements. There are also behavioral side effects, such as increased compulsivity and depression. The famed folk singer Woody Guthrie is one of the most famous sufferers of the disease, which ended his life in 1967.
Woody Guthrie had several children, most of whom have not developed HD. Two of Guthrie's children by his first wife did inherit HD and passed away at the age of 41. His most famous child, Arlo Guthrie, followed in his father's footsteps as a musician but has not developed the signs of HD so it is highly likely that he does not have the allele.
Nancy Wexler, the doctor responsible for tracking down the HD allele (it resides on chromosome 4) is also at risk for developing HD, as her mother was afflicted with the disease just as Woody Guthrie was. Wexler has refused to be tested for the presence of the genetic marker, however.
Which leads me to the burning question: would you want to know every intimate detail of your genome, both good and bad? Would you want to know about every part of your genetic history? What good would it do to know everything about your genetic past, and potentially, future? Is this something that the entire public would be better off doing, or not doing? What kinds of bioethical issues could arise from having this genetic information available?
Posted by scienceguru on March 11, 2008
Tags bioethics, genetics, genomics is a cool branch of biology


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